Molecular and immunological characterization of allergens from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana

BACKGROUND Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana are considered promising biological control agents for a variety of arthropod pests. Beauveria species, however, have the potential to elicit allergenic reactions in humans, although no specific allergens have been characterized to date. METHODS Four putative allergens were identified within B. bassiana expressed sequence tag (EST) datasets. IgE-reactivity studies were performed using sera from patients displaying mold allergies against recombinant B. bassiana proteins expressed in E. coli. RESULTS Full length cDNA and genomic nucleotide sequences of four potential B. bassiana allergens were isolated. BLASTX search results led to their putative designation as follows; Bb-Eno1, with similarity to fungal enolases; Bb-f2, similar to the Aspergillus fumigatus major allergen, Asp f2 and to a fibrinogen binding mannoprotein; Bb-Ald, similar to aldehyde dehydrogenases; and Bb-Hex, similar to N-acetyl-hexosaminadases. All four genes were cloned into E. coli expression systems and recombinant proteins were produced. Immunoblots of E. coli extracts probed with pooled as well as individual human sera from patients displaying mould allergies demonstrated IgE reactivity versus recombinant Bb-Eno1 and Bb-Ald. CONCLUSION Four putative Beauveria bassiana allergens were identified. Recombinant proteins corresponding to two of the four, Bb-Eno1 and Bb-Ald were bound by sera IgEs derived from patients with fungal allergies. These data confirm the potential allergenicity of B. bassiana by identification of specific human IgE reactive epitopes.